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自考本科学士学位的英语专业常考语法
来源:安徽自考网 时间:2019-09-05 14:10:34 浏览量:2503

小编今天整理了一部分的英语专业常考语法的重点,请签收。 

第一节 动词的时态

考试重点:一般现在时(if 从句和as soon as 从句);进行时表将来;现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别;完成时瞬间动词以及have (has)been, have(has)gone的区别;过去完成时的时间状语;将来完成时。 
一、一般现在式: 
 1、表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态:常和always, usually, often ,sometimes, every day, every week的等时间状语连用。 
例:He goes to work every day. 他每天去上班。 
2、表示普遍的真理。由于是众所周知的客观事实,所以一般不用时间状语。 
例:The earth is round. 地球是圆的。 
 3、有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时。 
例:I don’t think you are right.我以为你错了。 
4、在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作:常用的连词有as soon as,when,till,if。 
(1)They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ________their exams. A. have finished B. finish C. finished D. was finishing (答案:B)(1996年22题) 
(2)When the mixture ______, it will give off a powerful force. 
 A. will heat B. will be heated C. is heated D. has heated (答案:C)(1992年59题) 
二、一般过去时: 
 1、表示过去的动作或状态:常和过去时间状语连用。just now, last year, when I was 8years old等。 
例:You've already missed too many classes this term .You _____ two classes just last week. 
A. missed B. would miss C. had missed D. have missed 
(答案:A。有具体的时间状语要用过去时。)(1995年59题) 
 2、used to do sth:过去常常做… 
例:I used to take a walk in the morning. 我过去是在早晨散步。(意味着现在不在早晨散步了。) 
3、it is high time(that)…句型中,谓语动词用过去时。 例:Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking? 
 A. give up B. gave up C. would give up D. should give up (答案:B)(1999年31题)
三、一般将来时 
 1、will(shall)+原形动词:表示将来的动作或状态。 例:He will come and help you. 他会来帮助你的。 
 2、be going to +动词原形:表示马上就要发生的事情或打算好要做的事。 
例:Are you going to attend the lecture? 你打算去听这个演讲吗? 
 3、be to +动词原形: 表示安排或计划好了的动作。 
例:The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day. 三环路将在国庆节前通车。 
 4、be about to +动词原形:表示即将发生的动作。 
 5、例:The lecture is about to begin.讲座即将开始。 
 6、某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词如:go ,come, start, arrive, leave 等的现在进行时可表示将来。 
(1)We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京。 

(2)The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight. 外宾今晚到达济南。 

以及非谓语动词的形式。
动名词 考试重点:动名词的逻辑主语,完成式,被动式,否定式;动名词做介词的宾语,有时介词可省略;“to”的作用。 基本形式:
主动形式
被动形式
一般时
doing
being done
完成时
having done
having been done
在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。
(一)、动名词的基本用法: 
 1、We shall appreciate _____ from you soon. A. being heard B. hearing C. to hear D. having been heard (答案:B。appreciate后接动名词做宾语。)(1998年42题) 
 2、John suggested _____ anything about it until they found out more facts. A. not to say B. saying not C. to say not D. not saying (答案:D。suggest后接动名词做宾语,否定式要在动名词前加“not”)(1995年53题)
(二)、动名词的完成时:表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生时,用动名词的完成时。 
1、I don’t remember _____. 
 A. ever to be saying B. to have ever said C. having ever said that D. ever said that (答案:C) 2、I regret having done such a thing.我后悔做了这样的事。
(三)、动名词的被动式 
 1、No one avoid _____ by advertisements. 
 A. influenced B. influencing C. to influence D. being influenced (答案:D) 
 2、Susan was very unhappy for not _____ to the party. 
 A. to be invited B. having been invited C. inviting D. to have been invited (答案:B)
(四)、动名词的逻辑主语 当动名词的逻辑主语是代词时可使用形容词性的物主代词或代词的宾格。 
 1、He forgot about _____ him to attend my wife’s birthday party. 
 A. I asking B. my asking C. me to ask D. mine to ask (答案:B。做介词 about 的宾语, 物主代词+动名词,构成动名词的复合结构。) (1998年29题) 
 2、I object to his (him)making private calls on the office phone. 我反对他用办公室的电话打私人电话。

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